Internal combustion engine



E. MAYE INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE Filed Dec. 27, 1927 4June 2; 1931.

Patented June 2 1931 UNITED STATES PATENTv olf-Fics EDWARD myn, or WASHINGTON, DISTRICT or coLUmaIA' INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE lApplication led December 27, 1927. Serial 110,242,859.

This invention relates to improvements in internalcombustion en 'nes of the type usingl the heavier, non-volat1le oils, such as kerosene, fuel oil, etc.,- and hasfor its purpose the simplication of thist pe of engine and the providing of lsame wit a positive and accuv rate means of fuel injection and ignition.

Briefly, this invention seeks to combine the best features of both thepDiesel andthe solid-4 lt injection types of oil engines with certainl practical improvements thereon. v

In the present invention I have combined with each Working cylinder of the engine an auxiliary air-compressing cylinderand a fuel-injection pump. Both. ofthese devices i 'i ign ted is not sodestructive to the frame and other parts.

The principle ofthis inventign is readily applicable toengines employing either them two-stroke 01"- four-stroke'cycle, and it is assumed that such common mechanical operi ating devices as may be necessary to adapt this invention to specific styles of engines need not be illustrated nor described in order .at the moment injection and ignition takes effect-exceeding that of the Diesel cycle'and to enable anyone skilled in the art to construct an-l engine embodying this invention, yet varyingin minor mechanical details from the machine specifically described hereinafter and illustrated in the accompanying 55, drawings.

- 'Howeven the specific embodiment 'so illusvtrated and described is exhibited for the purpose of illustrating the invention and Without intent to limit the scope of the protection claimed therefor.

Referring to the drawings forming part of this application:

Fig. l is a transversesectional View of a four-stroke cycle internal combustion engine .embodying mechanism constructed and assembled according to the present invention, showing the parts in the position they assume place. Eig. 2 is a detailed sectionalview of the upper part of the cylinder during the compression stroke. f

Fig. 3 is a sectional view similar to Fig. 1, but detailing only the upper part of the 75 cylinder at the moment of Injection and ignition.

In these Adrawings the different parts have not been shown in the exact relative sizes they should appear inthe finished engine, but the smaller parts have been shown on an enlarged 4scale for the purpose of better illustrating their construction. Referring ing-more detail to the several views of the drawings, 1 designates a water 85 jacketed housing forming a cylinder 2 Wherein a piston 3 is mounted for reciprocation. This piston is operatively connected by means of a connecting rod 4 with a'crank shaft 5 that is rotatably mounted inthe crank case 490 6 at the lower end of the housing 1. On the upper end of the cylinder casing is, located a Water jacketed air cylinder 7 where?- in a piston-14 is adapted to -be reciprocated. Attached to the air cylinder 7 is a fuel in- 95 jection pump 9 Whose plunger 10 is operated by means of the finger 11""located on connecting rod 12 engaging the collar 13 as the air piston 14 is lifted. This forces upward and mward the'fuel plunger 10 whichpushes 109 ahead of it the fuel oil acquired through the feed pipe Y and forces the plug 17 upward against its control spring 18. When the plug 17 clears the spray pipe inlet 19, the fuel is forced alon the spray pipe 20 to the combined air p1 ,and fuel spray pipe orifice, within the/working cylinder of the engine.

All' this action occurs at nearly the same time when the working piston of the engine arrives at or near the highest point of compression in the working cylinder. From this 1t will readily be understood thatin the operation of a regular four-stroke cycle engine the following operations take place. On the expansion stroke of the working piston the j air piston 14 and the fuel plunger 10 remain at the upper or inner point of their respective strokes. l This is also true during the two succeeding strokes of the engine piston; i. e., the scavenging and intake strokes. At t-he end of the intake stroke the engine cylinder is presumed to be filled with pure air. Just at this point the cam 22 operating the connecting rod 12 releases that rod, causing the air piston 14 andthe fuel'plunger 10 to be drawn down-or out of their respective cylinders, aidedby thesprings 23 and 24. The

plug 17 is forced down into the fuel pump cylinder by the action of thespring 18, thus closing the fueloutlet 19. The fuel inlet pipe'orifice 16 is cleared by the plunger 10 and a Aquantity of liquid fuel is permitted to `How into the pump cylinder 9. This flow of fuel is aided by the partial vacuum existing in the pump cylindefcaused by the Withdrawal of the plunger 10 and the sealing of te upper part of the cylinder by the plug 1 lhe air piston 1'4 also having been with# drawn toward the lower end of its stroke, the aircylinder 7 becomes-filled with fresh air .forced in through the air pipe 25 from the working cylinder, the piston of which is now beginning its compression stroke. When the desiredpoint on the compression stroke\ has been reached, the cam 22 again lifts the rod l2 through the roller 26 and link 27 and causes `the l'air piston 14 and fuel plunger 10 to be forced quickly into their respective cyllnders.A l This instantl forces a quantity of super-compressed'fres air from the air cylinder 7 intothe engine cylinder 2 through theair 25, at thesame time that the fuel plunger 10 is forcing a charge of fuel through ipe 20. It will thus be seen that the liquid el and the super-compressed air 'from the two pipes' b20 and 25'are caused to commingle at the point of combined orii ice, and are injected into thefengine cylinder inl a highlycombined state; the thor=7 oughly atomized fuel being completely mixed,

with the superlieated air. Complete-combustlon immediately takes place. "The speed of combustion is governed by the speed with cylinder, which in turn is controlled by the V particular shape or profile of the cam 22.

Reference to the drawings will show that the fuel spray pipe 2O passes 'through and is surrounded by the air pipe 25 from the point 28, where the latter leaves the air cyl operation of the engine, it may be advisable to place the fuel injection pump in a horizontal position similar to that occupied by ther fuel spray pipe 20. Also, a perforated spray head on the spray orifice, might assist atomization of the fuel, and the installation of a spring controlled check valve in the fuel spray pipe 20 near the spray orifice, would eliminate dribbling of the fuel after the 111-' jection had taken place, but these modifications being obvious, they are not shown.

However, allthese are mere structural de-` tails which may or may not be incorporated in an engine embodying the basic elements of this invention. I prefer the arrangement as set forth in the drawings, believing that the small diameter of the spray pipe will obviate trouble from4 dribbling fuel. Also, the action of the plug 17 in sealing off the intake end of the fuel spray pipe will assist in mini- -mizing dribbling of the very small amount of fuel remaining in the pipe after each stroke. The shortening of the fuel spray pipe 20 to a point gust past 28 together with the enlargement o the remainder of the air pipe 25, would alsoassist in eliminating dribbling of the uninjected fuel.

In the drawings, the parts marked 29, 30

and 31 relate to the operating mechanism' of a conventional poppet valve, two of which fwould be used in a four-stroke cycle engine. In a two-stroke cycle engine a port exhaust is preferred, with the intake orifice connected to a rotar? air pump for eiliciency in. scavenging. he governing mechanism is .dia-

mmatically illustrated at 32, a block -havf lng a vertical travel controlled by a conventional type of governor and being moved thereby so as to check the descent of the fuel pump plunger stem 10 at any required point in its downward stroke, thus causing a variation in the-length of the stroke of the plunger and controlling the quantity of liquid fuel injected at each stroke of the pump.

Ther-feed lline 15 isl provided-with a convenlwhich the fuel and air are injected into the v that portion of cylinder 9 between the feed 130 c pipe orifice and the lowermost position of l plliillg1 17. l v v l e connecting rod bearing is indicated at 33.j .The water jacket space surrounding the workin and air cylinders is shown diagrammatica y.

In practice it might lbe advisable to have the fuel injection pump separate from the main en e castin in order that it might readily detacha'le for replacement or re air.

at I claim is 1. In an internal combustion en ine, in combination with aworking cylin er and piston, an air compressing cylinder and pist0n, for compressing air to inject fuel into p the working cylinder, an air pipe extending from an opening in the wall of the upper end of'said air compressing cylinder into the upper end of said working cylinder, a cylinder land piston for rpumping fuel into contact 'with thecompressed air from the air compressing cylinder, a fuel injector tube extending from anoutlet opening'in the Wall of the upper p9rtion`of the pump cylinder pump piston rod extends,' and a collar xed -I to said pump pistonI rod adapted to be engaged by said ingertomove the pump pis ton by the compressor piston on the compression stroke.

2. In an internal combustion engine ac cording to claim 1,1 means for checking the descent of the4 fuel pump piston rod atl any desired point of its downward stroke, to regulate the position of the top of the piston relative the' f uel inlet tothe pump cylluder. l c e In testimony whereof, I'aiiix my signature.

' v EDWARD MAYE.

pump cylin- 

